Ethnocentrism Major Effect on Organizational Behavior

Ethnocentrism: Major Effects on Organizational Behavior Abstract This research paper defines the term ethnocentrism as a means to make assumptions or judgments about other cultures from one’s own point of view. This paper details the various problems that an ethnocentric view presents when dealing with different cultures. The effects of cultural diversity on organizational behavior are complex and powerful. This paper will also explain that a diverse workforce, which represents a changing world and marketplace, is important to organizations in the creation of competitive environment and an enhancement of work productivity. Increasingly, more and more large corporations are implementing diversity training programs to educate employees†¦show more content†¦In Sharma, Shimp, and Shin (1995), Shimp argued that â€Å"ethnocentrism is said to be a manifestation of authoritarianism, and that authoritarianism is a personality defect, based on pervasive and rigid in – group – out – group distinction; it involves s tereotyped negative imagery, and hostile attitudes regarding out – group’s, stereotyped positive imagery and submissive attitudes regarding in – groups, and a hierarchical, authoritarian view of group interaction in which in – groups are rightly dominant, out – groups are subordinate.† In related research, Taylor and Jaggi (1974) introduced a phenomenon called ethnocentric attributional bias. According to Taylor and Jaggi (1974), ethnocentric construct internal attributions for a positive behavior of in – group members while making external attributions for their negative behavior. For example, if in – group members perform well on some task, the attribution is that they possess the essential ingredients to accomplish such a task (e.g., â€Å"they’re smart,† â€Å"they’re hard workers,† etc.). Yet, if in – group members perform marginally on some task, the fault lies elsewhere (e.g., â€Å" trick questions,† â€Å"bad call by the umpire,† etc.). 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Marianas Trench - Masterpiece Theater free essay sample

Marianas Trench, a Canadian rock group, released the album â€Å"Masterpiece Theater† over a year ago after a two-year wait, despite pressure from fans and their record company, 604 Records. The album features the bands outstanding musicianship, along with poetic and meaningful lyrics. The CD also shows how the band has matured from their debut, â€Å"Fix Me.† With this CD they have remained popular without abandoning their powerful rock style, which truly makes this album a masterpiece. The musical compositions are well crafted, and feature the bands best assets. Lead singer Josh Ramsay uses his large vocal range and upper register to enhance the lyrics as well as musical riffs, though it is guitarist Matt Webb whose impeccable plucking makes these riffs catchy and enjoyable. With drummer Ian Casselmans strong rhythms, and bassist Mike Ayleys fantastic harmonies, the band captures genuine emotions that make their music exceptional. The lyrics by Ramsay prove him to be an ingenious artist. We will write a custom essay sample on Marianas Trench Masterpiece Theater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They go beyond the words on the page, with deep meaning behind them. Even in pop-punk songs like â€Å"Celebrity Status,† and â€Å"Cross My Heart,† Ramsay manages to create meaningful and powerful messages. â€Å"Masterpiece Theater† has also shown how they have matured since their first album in 2006. â€Å"Fix Me† had meaningful lyrics and compelling musicality, but it used profanity to complete its message. On their second album there is no swearing, which perhaps indicates how the band has worked through their insecurities, and no longer relies on dirty lyrics to make songs popular. In conclusion, â€Å"Masterpiece Theater† is a heart-wrenching album for all rock fans. It is spectacular in both lyrical and musical aspects, and shows growth yet consistency.

Macbeth Essays (2091 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Macbeth: Themes Macbeth was written while when Scotland lacked a good Leader to defend it from a Norwasian invasion. During this dangerous situation, Macbeth stood out as the most commanding figure by defeating the rebel army. His thrill towards the witches' prophecies all confirmed his hopes of becoming the King and replacing King Duncan, who lacked the power and courage to save his country from this invasion. In this essay, I will discuss Macbeth during the many experiences that he had faced and come across and I will show how these experiences and pressures that he faced helped with the conclusion and theme of the play which yet has to be understood. The first signs that tell us of Macbeth's thoughts of becoming King were found when the King proclaimed his son, Malcolm, the heir to the Scottish throne, and Macbeth considered murder to overcome this obstacle that would prevent him from becoming the King. The prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be, Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. (Act 1:Scene 4:ln.55) When Lady Macbeth heard of her husband's success and read the letter, we almost immediately feel that a new source of power had appared in the drama. Her words reflected a great knowledge of her husband and her practical approach to problems as seen in the following two verses. Glacis thou art, and Cowdor, and shalt be What thou are promised. Yet do I fear thy nature. It is too full o' the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it. What though wouldst highly, That wouldst though holily;wouldst not play false And yet wouldst wrongly win. Thou'ldst have, great Glacis That which criesThus though must do,if though have it; And that which rather thou dost fear to do Than wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear And chastise with the valor of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crowned withal. (Act 1:Scene 5:ln.14 O, never Shall sun that morrow see! Your face, my thane, is a book where men May read strange matters. To beguile the time, Look like the time;bear welcome in your eye, Your hand, your tongue, look like the innocent flower, But be the serpent under't. He that's coming Must he provide for; and you shall put This night's great business into my dispatches, Which shall to all our nights and days to come, Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom. (Act 1:Scene 6:ln.68) Driven to murder King Duncan, Macbeth's conscience first appeared when he was not present to greet the King upon his arrival at the castle. This showed the lack of courage that Macbeth had to face his victim. If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well It were done quickly. If the assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch, With his surcease, success, that but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all here, But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, We'ld jump the life to come. But in these cases We still have judgment here, that we but teach Bloody instructions, which being taught, return To plague the inventor.......................... (Act 1:Scene 7:ln 1) This verse stressed Macbeth's fears of punishment. He cleared out that he was prepared to suffer eternity if only this crime would go unpunished. He recognized certain obstacles in killing the King, the first and most important being was that the King was his guest. He also saw some dangers of committing the crime and understood it consequences well. When Macbeth tried to resist the temptation, his wife was the one that insisted on him to consent the murder. What beast was't then that made you brake this enterprise to me? When you drust do it, then you were a man; And to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more than man. Nor time nor place] Did then adhere, and yet you would make both. They have made themselves, and that their fitness know How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me. I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipples from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (Act 1:Scene 7:ln. 68) She accused Macbeth of

Free Essays on Salvador Dali

Salvador Dali 1904-1989 Meditative Rose 1958 Spain Oil on canvas 280 x 350 Dali’s painting, Meditative Rose, shows a single vivid red rose that has beautifully fully bloomed. This rose sits in the middle of the picture and is the main focus of the painting. The color of the rose stands out so much since the background is an intense blue sky with white fluffy clouds. The rose hovers over the Spanish landscape. Yellows, oranges, and browns are used to create the scenery of the land. On one of the petals, there is a tiny drop of water just to add a realistic feature. Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali I Domenech was borrn at 8:45 on the morning of May 11, 1904., in the small agricultural town of Figueres, Spain. The name ‘Salvador’ had been given to an older brother who died in infancy. When Dali was born the name was passed on to him. Growing up, Dali was a difficult child and refused to conform to family or community customs. Dali’s father, a respected notary, his mother and younger sister all encouraged Dali’s early interests in art. A room in their family room was the artist’s first studio. Dali’s talent was very refined early on. Dali received art lessons in his hometown then attended school in Madrid in 1921 called Escuela de Pintura. Dali never graduated from school since he felt he had no need for that type of education and need to experience life on his own terms. His father disowned him after he found out that Dali left school. Dali moved to Cadaques, which is not far from the French bord er. Here would be the sight of Dali’s future mansion home where he would spend many years of his life. The Spanish Surrealist Painter, Dali, was a flamboyant painter and sometimes was a writer, sculptor and experimental filmmaker. He had a reputation of creating bizarre dream imagery to create unforgettable and unmistakable works of art. Dali moved to the U.S. in 1940 where he rem... Free Essays on Salvador Dali Free Essays on Salvador Dali Salvador Dali 1904-1989 Meditative Rose 1958 Spain Oil on canvas 280 x 350 Dali’s painting, Meditative Rose, shows a single vivid red rose that has beautifully fully bloomed. This rose sits in the middle of the picture and is the main focus of the painting. The color of the rose stands out so much since the background is an intense blue sky with white fluffy clouds. The rose hovers over the Spanish landscape. Yellows, oranges, and browns are used to create the scenery of the land. On one of the petals, there is a tiny drop of water just to add a realistic feature. Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali I Domenech was borrn at 8:45 on the morning of May 11, 1904., in the small agricultural town of Figueres, Spain. The name ‘Salvador’ had been given to an older brother who died in infancy. When Dali was born the name was passed on to him. Growing up, Dali was a difficult child and refused to conform to family or community customs. Dali’s father, a respected notary, his mother and younger sister all encouraged Dali’s early interests in art. A room in their family room was the artist’s first studio. Dali’s talent was very refined early on. Dali received art lessons in his hometown then attended school in Madrid in 1921 called Escuela de Pintura. Dali never graduated from school since he felt he had no need for that type of education and need to experience life on his own terms. His father disowned him after he found out that Dali left school. Dali moved to Cadaques, which is not far from the French bord er. Here would be the sight of Dali’s future mansion home where he would spend many years of his life. The Spanish Surrealist Painter, Dali, was a flamboyant painter and sometimes was a writer, sculptor and experimental filmmaker. He had a reputation of creating bizarre dream imagery to create unforgettable and unmistakable works of art. Dali moved to the U.S. in 1940 where he rem... Free Essays on Salvador Dali Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalà ­ fue nacà ­o el 11 de Mayo de 1904. Nacà ­o en la pueblo de Figueres, Espaà ±a. Vivà ­a diez y seis millas de la frontera de Franà ­a. Due dijo un prà ³spero notario. Se le da el mismo nombre que a otro hijo nacido diez aà ±os antes y que murià ³ en 1901 a la edad de 7aà ±os de meningitis. El primer estudio fue edificà ­a en la casa de los padres. Estabas en Cadaques. Dalà ­ asistà ­a el San Fernando Academia de Fine Arts en la ciudad de Madrid fue un muchacho joven. Conocià ³ a Picasso, fue expulsado de la escuela de Arte y compartià ³ mucho con los surrealistas de Parà ­s con quienes tambien encontrà ³ diferencias. El’s primero un hombre presentacà ­on fue en Barcelona en 1925. Este llevando temprano recognicà ­on. Trà ©s pinturas fue un exhibicà ­on a la Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania en 1928. Salvador Dalà ­ juntà ­a el Paris Surrealist Group. Fue un conductor de surrealismo movimiento. En el mismo aà ±o, Dalà ­ encontrarà ­a Gala Eluard. Ella fue visitaba Cadaques con esposo Paul Eluard. Ella fue Dalà ­ amante, director de negocios, y inspiracià ³n. Durante World War II, fueron vivà ­a en los Estados Unidos. Despues de la querra, ellos volvà ­an a la Espaà ±a. Dalà ­Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s reputacà ­on continuà ­a progresar. DalI inducIa estados a fantasma para subconsciente imagens. Los trabajos frecuentemente mal interpretado. En 1948, regresa a Espaà ±a y se produce una vuelta al clasicimo en su obra. Pinta las primeras obras religiosas, las dos versiones de Madonna de Port Lligat. Escribe el manifiesto mà ­stico donde explica el arte nuclear. Dalà ­ esta cada dà ­a ms marcado por una necesidad de destacar y acentà ºa su excentrismo y su interà ©s por el dinero y el poder. En el aà ±o de 1966, La Galerà ­a de Arte Moderno de New York le dedica la mayor retrospectiva a un pintor vivo. Su obra y su vida empieza a ser todo especulacià ³n y una vez ms en busca de la notoriedad se proclama contrario ... Free Essays on Salvador Dali Salvador Dali Salvador Dali is recognized as the greatest artist of the surrealist art movement and one of the 20th century art masters. Dali worked hard to establish an image among the public of an eccentric and paranoid genius. His need to â€Å"spread confusion, not eliminate it† was a personality trait controversial to many. Despite his wild nature, he is still considered an amazing and accomplished artist, loved by many. Salvador Dali was born in 1904 to a prestigious notary in Figuera, Northern Spain. As a child, his talent for drawing emerged early and took his first drawing lessons at age ten from well-known Spanish impressionist painter, Ramon Pichot. On his childhood, Dali quotes â€Å"At the age of three I wanted to be a female cook, at seven, Napoleon, after that my ambition just kept on growing. I wanted to be Salvador Dali, and nobody else†. He studied art at the Royal Academy of Art in Madrid, but was expelled twice and never took final examinations. Dali believed he was more qualified than the professors. (Web museum) In 1928, Dali went to Paris where he would meet Pablo Picasso and Joan Miro. Among a group of surrealist artists grouped around Andre Breton (the schoolmaster of surrealism), he established himself as a principal figure. Breton, years later, turned away from Salvador after accusing him of being obsessed with self-presentation and a fascist. (arlentino art auctions) By 1929 Dali had discovered the personal style that would make him a household name- the realm of the subconscious that becomes conscious during our dreams. His surrealist theory was based on the theories of psychotherapist Dr. Sigmund Freud, of whom he regarded to as his spiritual father. Dali held Freud’s theories of the subconscious very highly, which is made apparent in the sculpture â€Å"Le Cabinet Anthropomorhique†. Anthropomorphic, meaning â€Å"in the human form†, shows us how our ‘fantasies’ can sometimes take on...

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Introduction: Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions: logic, physical works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works concerned meteorology. Aristotle’s views on meteorology are fascinating, but many of the views were not accurate. This paper compares only a few of his views to actual meteorological facts. I. Biography A. Birth and growth B. Influence on writings II. Basis of Aristotle’s meteorology A. Elements and theory B. Science and facts III. Water vapor and precipitation A. Aristotle’s view B. Science and fact. IV. Winds A. Aristotle’s view B. Science and fact Conclusion: Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotle’s ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering that there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds, but never fully comprehended how wind occurred. September 5, 2000 Aristotle on Meteorology Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Greek colony on the Aegean Sea near Macedonia. In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the Academy at Athens and studied under Plato, attending his lectures for a period of twenty years. In the later years of his association with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his own account, especially on the subject of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and another of Plato’s students, Xenocrates, left Athens for Assus, and set up an academy (Encyclopedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the tutor to a very young Alexander the Great. He did this for the next five to seven years. Both Philip and Alexander appear to have paid Aristotle high honor. There are stories that indicate the Macedonian court supplied Aristotle with funds for teaching, and with slaves to collect specimens for his studies in natural science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to Athens when Alexander the Great began his conquests. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was because of this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, â€Å"to walk about† (Shakian 126). For the next thirteen years, he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. His institution integrated extensive equipment, including maps and the largest library collection in Europe. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against Aristotle. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) â€Å"The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates† (Encyclopedia 5). In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). One of Aristotle’s writings is about meteorology. His theories are based on his belief that all objects in the world are composed of form and matter and the world is arranged according to the relative standing each object occupies in the universe (Shakian 127). This basis led to his theory that any motion was from the center or to the center (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle saw the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes: form without matter on one end, and matter without form on the other end. Additionally, he believed all matter is made of four bodies: fire, air, water, and earth (Encyclopedia 29). With this information as a basis, it is no wonder that any remaining theories would probably be incorrect. Scientific fact cannot disprove that all objects are of form and matter. Any one can agree or disagree with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does show that movement can occur in directions away from the center or toward the center. For example, solar radiation from the sun does not travel in direct lines to or from a center. Some of the radiation scatters into space. Some is reflects from the earth’s surface and is lost into space (Lutgens 37-43). Air molecules do not move toward or away from a center. Air particles move in an infinite number of directions due to molecule size, shape, weight and composition. Finally, Aristotle’s theory that matter is made of four bodies is dramatically short sighted. Air is a mixture of at least nine different components and is constantly changing in composition. Nitrogen and oxygen make up nearly 99% of the volume of dry air. Of all the components of air, carbon dioxide is the most interest to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all fairness, Aristotle had no way to measure or determine the exact components of the atmosphere. In book 1, part 3 of Aristotle’s meteorology, Aristotle describes his explanation of water vapor. His explanation describes the area between the surface of the earth and the visible portion of the Milky Way. It is important to note that he views the Milky Way as a plane or upper level surface (Aristotle, â€Å"Meteorology† 253). Aristotle is very close to a scientific answer when he deduced â€Å"that what immediately surrounds the earth is not mere air, but a sort of vapour, and that its vaporous nature is the reason why it condenses back to water again† (Aristotle, â€Å"Meteorology† 253). His logic is interesting when he indicates that this expanse of a body cannot be fire â€Å"for then all the rest would have dried up† (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 254). In part 9, Aristotle addressed the issue of precipitation. He explained that air condensing into water becomes a cloud. Mist is what remains when a cloud condenses into water. He further explained that when water falls in small drops, it is drizzle, and when the drops are larger, it is called rain (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 267). This is one area where Aristotle was close to accurate. One flaw is his view of the Milky Way as a flat plane. Science has shown that the Milky Way is just one of an infinite number of star galaxies. Aristotle realized water vapor existed. He also realized that the area between the earth and the heavens was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as water vapor is scientifically referred to as a parcel of air. As the air parcel rises, it cools and may condense to form a cloud (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the remains of water vapor that did not form a cloud was mist. Actually, what remains is just other air parcels. The energy used to condense the air molecule is released as latent heat creating a cycle of rising and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83). Aristotle provided names for the size of water droplets. It is possible that Aristotle coined the names drizzle and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is defined as small droplets of less than . 5 mm. Rain is defined as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle dedicated several chapters to the theory of winds. Without scientific measurements, the cause or theory of wind was difficult to determine or explain. Aristotle compared wind to a flowing river in book 1 (Aristotle â€Å"Meteorology† 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not discern why the river of wind never dried up. Therefore, he abandoned that theory and analogy of wind and simply tried to explain rivers instead. In book two, he dedicated three more chapters to wind. Aristotle used his theory of water vapor and direct observation of something he called smoke to describe the occurrence of wind. He related the rising water vapor and the heat of the sun. This combination created wind. Rain contributed to wind development by causing calm winds after a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must have been a difficult subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was written about the subject. The facts indicate he was close to an answer but never fully understood the concept of wind. The definition of wind is the result of horizontal differences in air pressure. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. It is nature’s method to balance inequalities of pressure. Unequal heating of the earth’s surface generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the ultimate driving force of wind (Lutgens 149). The effects Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence. The clam wind after a rain is an occurrence with strong thunderstorms that leave a micro scale high-pressure dome in their wake (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotle’s ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully comprehended how wind occurred Works Cited Aristotle. Great Books of the Western World. Volume 1. Chicago: Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. â€Å"Meteorology† 113 – 438. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Internet Address: http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Aug. 2000. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. Internet Address: http://www. utm. edu/research/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. New York: Barnes & Noble Inc. , 1970. Aristotle and Meteorology. (2016, Oct 28).

Chinese Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Chinese Economy - Assignment Example During this period the trade regime comprised of central planning that was generally a Residual category with respect to domestic capacity. Post-reform and pre-WTO: This was also called dual trade regime. There was devaluation of currency from $1 which was equivalent to 1.4 Yuan to 1 dollar being equivalent to 8.7 Yuan, this was a around 1994.Expoters were allowed to keep percentage of foreign exchange In 1996 there was current account convertibility. Dual track was advantageous in the following ways, in that the new sector benefit whereas the old sector is not hurt. Free market was also introduced and did not interfere with the existing old sector. Post-World Trade Organization. During this period there was tariff reduction and also removal of non-tariff barriers that included quotas, licensing and quantitative restrictions. Major services included telecommunication with advent of internet provision; there were also financial services and professional services like consultancy and a ccounting. 2. How did the dual-track foreign exchange market work? How did the dual-track in Foreign trade work? This period was majorly between 1986 and 1993.It involved: a) Currency devaluation from one dollar which was equivalent 1.4 Yuan to one dollar being equivalent to 8.7 Yuan in 1994. The devaluation of currency was encouraged to promote the number of exports. ... The Chinas foreign reserve by 2006 was over one trillion dollars which was more than a year’s import. d) In this period there was duty free and many processing zones were created, there were witnessed tax holidays for some specific industries to steer their growth. e) Little interference was witnessed and also free duty on goods purchased for the purpose of making export goods .Other countries that did the same were Island in India Ocean and Mauritius. f) The period experiences an increase in the no. of trade in terms of international firms. In general the exporters were in insulated against the forever world trade in general. 3. Why a dual-track instead of a single-track? Use the examples in foreign exchange and foreign trade to explain the advantages and disadvantages of a dual-track Dual track referred to coexistence of two coordination mechanisms (plan and market) and not to the coexistence of two ownership systems the dual-track system allowed state firms to transact and cooperate with non state firms, allowing valuable flexibility. But the growing importance of collective, private, and foreign-invested firms should be considered. It implied two tier pricing system for most goods. The greatest advantages of the dual as opposed to single track were that there was the introduction of free trade. In this system there were tax holidays that further encouraged more foreign investments. In respect to this the dual was evidently better than one single track system that was not as economically viable because single track meant the entire economy was planned. Planned economy in a way reduced investments and discouraged free trade. 4. Why is there a huge discrepancy

Written Communication for Business Purposes Research Paper

Written Communication for Business Purposes - Research Paper Example It is necessary that accountability and responsibility chains of people working in the organization are fixed. The manager should communicate everything to his sub ordinates and people in the organization in a written way. Written messages can also be saved in the repository for future references. Business communication is a permanent mode of communication and is easier to follow through than oral communication mans. Good written communication is pivotal to the success of an organization. It helps in building its corporate image and good will. Written business communication comprises of various forms. These are letters, memoranda’s, emails, sales letters, agendas and business reports. Business letters should have an appealing and an appropriate lay out. The writer should be clear on the content of the letter and it must be divided into paragraphs. The subject of the letter should be written and should be enclosed within envelope. The letter must be saved for future reference a nd should be written carefully as it directly affects the good will of the organization. There are various types of business letters for instance sales letters, information letters and problem letters.